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C Language Introduction

C is a procedural programming language. It was initially developed by Dennis Ritchie in the year 1972. It was mainly developed equally a system programming language to write an operating system. The master features of the C linguistic communication include low-level memory access, a simple set of keywords, and a make clean style, these features make C linguistic communication suitable for system programmings like an operating system or compiler development.
Many later on languages have borrowed syntax/features direct or indirectly from the C language. Like syntax of Java, PHP, JavaScript, and many other languages are mainly based on the C linguistic communication. C++ is nearly a superset of C linguistic communication (Few programs may compile in C, but not in C++).
Beginning with C programming:

1. Construction of a C programme
   After the in a higher place word, we tin can formally assess the construction of a C plan. By construction, it is meant that any program tin can be written in this structure only. Writing a C program in whatever other structure volition hence lead to a Compilation Fault.
   The structure of a C program is every bit follows:
   

1. The components of the higher up construction are:
   1. Header Files Inclusion: The first and foremost component is the inclusion of the Header files in a C programme.
      A header file is a file with extension .h which contains C function declarations and macro definitions to be shared between several source files.
      Some of C Header files:
      • stddef.h – Defines several useful types and macros.
      • stdint.h – Defines exact width integer types.
      • stdio.h – Defines core input and output functions
      • stdlib.h – Defines numeric conversion functions, pseudo-random network generator, memory allocation
      • string.h – Defines string handling functions
      • math.h – Defines common mathematical functions
   2. Principal Method Declaration: The adjacent part of a C program is to declare the chief() office. The syntax to declare the chief function is:
      Syntax to Declare the main method:
      

int main() {}

2. Variable Annunciation: The adjacent part of any C programme is the variable proclamation. It refers to the variables that are to be used in the role. Please annotation that in the C program, no variable tin be used without being declared. Also in a C plan, the variables are to be declared before any operation in the function.
   Example:
   

int main() {            int a;            . .

2. Body: The body of a function in the C program, refers to the operations that are performed in the functions. It tin be anything like manipulations, searching, sorting, printing, etc.
   Example:
   

int main() {     int a;            printf("%d", a);            . .

2. Return Argument: The last function of any C program is the return argument. The return argument refers to the returning of the values from a part. This return statement and return value depend upon the return type of the office. For example, if the return blazon is void, and so in that location volition be no return statement. In any other case, there volition be a return statement and the render value will exist of the type of the specified return type.
   Instance:
   

int principal() {     int a;      printf("%d", a);            render 0;            }

2. Writing outset program:
   Post-obit is first program in C
   

C

#include <stdio.h>

int main( void )

{

printf ( "GeeksQuiz" );

return 0;

}

1. Permit the states analyze the program line past line.
   Line 1: [ #include <stdio.h> ] In a C program, all lines that start with # are candy by a preprocessor which is a programme invoked by the compiler. In a very basic term, the preprocessor takes a C program and produces some other C program. The produced program has no lines starting with #, all such lines are processed by the preprocessor. In the above example, the preprocessor copies the preprocessed lawmaking of stdio.h to our file. The .h files are called header files in C. These header files generally comprise declarations of functions. We demand stdio.h for the role printf() used in the program.
   Line 2 [ int main(void) ] There must be a starting point from where execution of compiled C program begins. In C, the execution typically begins with the showtime line of principal(). The void written in brackets indicates that the principal doesn't accept any parameter (See this for more details). main() can exist written to take parameters also. We will exist covering that in future posts.
   The int was written before main indicates return blazon of main(). The value returned by main indicates the condition of program termination. Run into this postal service for more details on the return type.
   Line three and 6: [ { and } ] In C linguistic communication, a pair of curly brackets define telescopic and are mainly used in functions and control statements like if, else, loops. All functions must start and cease with curly brackets.
   Line 4 [ printf("GeeksQuiz"); ] printf() is a standard library function to print something on standard output. The semicolon at the terminate of printf indicates line termination. In C, a semicolon is ever used to signal stop of a statement.
   Line 5 [ return 0; ] The return statement returns the value from main(). The returned value may exist used past an operating organization to know the termination status of your plan. The value 0 typically means successful termination.
   
2. How to execute the in a higher place program:
   In gild to execute the above plan, we need to take a compiler to compile and run our programs. In that location are certain online compilers similar https://ide.geeksforgeeks.org/, http://ideone.com/, or http://codepad.org/ that can be used to start C without installing a compiler.

   Windows: At that place are many compilers available freely for the compilation of C programs like Code Blocks and Dev-CPP.   We strongly recommend Code Blocks.
   Linux: For Linux, gcc comes arranged with Linux,  Lawmaking Blocks tin besides exist used with Linux.
   

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Source: https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/c-language-set-1-introduction/

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